Hi guys in this post we are going to talk about some more things that I should have talked about earlier: electron rings/orbitals, and valence electrons.
First let’s talk about electron rings/orbitals. So electron rings/orbitals are basically different rings around the nucleus that can hold a different amount of electrons. There are 7 different electron rings/orbitals because 2+8+8+18+18+32+32=118, and the heaviest element has 118 protons. The first ring holds 2 electrons. The second and third rings hold 8 electrons. The forth and fifth rings hold 18 electrons. The sixth and seventh rings hold 32 electrons.
In this drawing I drew an atom with all the electron rings/orbitals and each electron ring/orbital has every electron it needs to be stable.
Now let’s talk about valence electrons. So valence electrons are the electrons that do the reacting – usually because the outer electron ring/orbital does not have the full amount of electrons. They are the electrons that are in the outer electron ring/orbital. For example magnesium, beryllium, barium, and ETC have 2 valence electrons. Lithium, francium, cesium, and ETC have 1 valence electron.
In this drawing I drew an atom with all the electron rings/orbitals and each electron ring/orbital has every electron it needs to be stable. And I also in red highlighted the valence electrons.
I wrote this from memory from what I learned in Khan Academy.
Hi guys👋😊 in this post we are going to talk about some basic things that I should have talked about earlier.
First we are going to talk about multi bonds. So you can actually have single bonds double bonds and triple bonds! Each bond is a pair of electrons, one from each atom. The oxygen that we breathe is two oxygens double bonded to each other.
The more bonds you have the stronger the bond, and the closer the atoms get. And if you have a single bond it can rotate, but if you have two or three bonds it can’t rotate.
In this drawing I drew, molecular oxygen, A single bond, A double bond, and a triple bond.
Now let’s talk about ions. So there are two types of ions. A cation and an anion. Ions are charged particles, charged atoms, or charged molecules. a cation is a positive charged ion, and an anion is a negative charged ion. And you will get an anion if you have more electrons then protons. And you will get a cation if you have more protons then electrons. And usually when you have an anion one of the atom names will end in ide. For instance chloride. There are hydrogen ions, usually they are cations. And generally anions and cations will react.
In this drawing I drew a hydrogen cation and a chlorine anion.
I wrote this from memory from what I learned in Khan Academy.
I know this is also a short post but this is the end of this post so bye(: :D😃😊👋:D:).
Hi guys in this post we are going to talk about ATP and Glucose.
So first let’s talk about ATP. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. ATP is made of Adanine, a ribose and 3 phosphate groups.
In this drawing I drew an ATP molecule and labeled ATP ribose adenine and phosphate group. I also drew adenine + ribose = Adenosine.
ATP is energy the currency of our cells. Because when the bond between the phosphate groups brakes, it releases…………… energy!
In this drawing I drew an ATP molecule and I am showing you that when the bond between the phosphate groups breaks, it releases energy.
And because of that our cells can do so many different things.FUN FACT! There is also GTP guanosine triphosphate which is basically guanine a ribose and three phosphate groups. And also when the bond between the phosphate groups brakes, the ATP will turn in to ADP adenosine diphosphate and again when the bond between the phosphate groups brakes, ADP will turn in to AMP adenosine monophosphate.
And ADP is ATP except it has one less phosphate group.
In this drawing I drew an ADP molecule.
And AMP is ATP except it has two less phosphate groups.
In this drawing I drew an AMP molecule.
Know let’s talk about Glucose. So Glucose means sweet sugar. Glucose is made of 6 carbons 12 hydrogens and 6 oxygens. Glucose is a very important molecule.
In this drawing I drew a glucose molecule.
It is good for Cellular respiration which makes ATP.
I wrote this from memory from what I leaned In Khan Academy. 😀
I know this is a short post but this is the end of this post so bye(: :D😃😊👋:D:).
Hi guys in this post we are going to talk about Meniscus’s and surface tension.
So first let’s talk about meniscus’s. There are two types of meniscus’s. 1 there is a concave meniscus. And 2 there is a convex meniscus.
In this drawing I drew a concave meniscus and a convex meniscus
So have you ever looked at a glass of water and thought that the surface of the water was flat? Actually it is “dented” downward. Because it is attracted to the glass more then it’s self. It is called a concave meniscus.
In this drawing I am showing you the surface of water is NOT flat and that it is actually “dented” downward.In this drawing I drew a tiny concave meniscus on a molecular basis. And the silicons bonded to the 4 oxygens each are glass molecules.
Mercury is one of the elements that does a convex meniscus because it is attracted to it’s self more then the glass.
In this drawing I drew Mercury doing a convex meniscus
A convex meniscus is the opposite of a concave meniscus.
Now let’s talk about surface tension.
So if we had a bunch of water molecules and we look at one of the middle water molecules it is being pulled in so many different ways. North or south or east or west and many more ways! Because some of the other water molecules are hydrogen bonding with that water molecule which is why it is being pulled in so many different ways.
In this drawing I drew a bunch of water molecules and I am focusing on one of the middle water molecules and I am showing hydrogen bonds pulling on that water molecule.
But if you look at one of the water molecules on the surface, half of it is being surrounded by water molecules and half of it is being surrounded by air. And because of that, only half of it is being pulled by hydrogen bonds from other water molecules. The other half, which is surrounded by air, does not have any force pulling on it because the molecules in the air don’t bond with the water molecules. And that let’s the water molecules on the surface get closer together. And that is surface tension.
In this drawing I drew a lot of water molecules and I am focusing on one of the surface water molecules and I am showing half of it is being pulled by hydrogen bonds. And I’m also showing you that the surface molecules are able to get closer together.
And because of that there are some animals that can walk on the surface of water!
In this drawing I drew a pond with a water snake and a spider on the surface of the water ( by the way I have seen a water snake before).
And if you get a tub of water and you fill it even higher then the rim, it will form a “bump” over the rim, because the water is attracted to it’s self more then the surrounding air.
In this drawing I drew a tub of water and I drew the “bump” of water over the rim.
I wrote this from memory from what I learned in khan Academy
Now it is time for us to say goodbye and you will see what I am going to talk about in the next post. By 😊👋
In this video I will tell you about bond water molecules and the real shape of the periodic table. I recorded this from memory from what I learned from Khan Academy.
Atom Weather 